4g hidden camera

Post Author:PE6z_iOR1tKzI@gmail.com
Post published:2021/06/13

Seven technologies that put GPS in mobile phones around the world — the how and why of location’s entry into modern consumer mobile communications. By Frank van Diggelen, Broadcom Corporation Exactly a decade has passed since the first major milestone of the GPS-mobile phone success story, the E-911 legislation enacted in 1999. Ensuing developments in that history include: Snaptrack bought by Qualcomm in 2000 for $1 billion, and many other A-GPS startups are spawned. Commercial GPS receiver sensitivity increases roughly 30 times, to 2150 dBm (1998), then another 10 times, to 2160 dBm in 2006, and perhaps another three times to date, for a total of almost 1,000 times extra sensitivity. We thought the main benefit of this would be indoor GPS, but perhaps even more importantly it has meant very, very cheap antennas in mobile phones. Meanwhile: Host-based GPS became the norm, radically simplifying the GPS chip, so that, with the cheap antenna, the total bill of materials (BOM) cost for adding GPS to a phone is now just a few dollars! Thus we see GPS penetration increasing in all mobile phones and, in particular, going towards 100 percent in smartphones. This article covers the technology revolution behind GPS in mobile phones; but first, let’s take a brief look at the market growth. This montage gives a snapshot of 28 of the 228 distinct Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) smartphone models (as of this writing) that carry GPS. Back in 1999, there were no smartphones with GPS; five years later still fewer than 10 different models; and in the last few years that number has grown above 200. This is that rare thing, often predicted and promised, seldom seen: the hockey stick! The catalyst was E-911 — abetted by seven different technology enablers, as well as the dominant spin-off technology (long-term orbits) that has taken this revolution beyond the cell phone. In 1999, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted the E-911 rules that were also legislated by the U.S. Congress. Remember, however, that E-911 wasn’t all about GPS at first. It was initially assumed that most of the location function would be network-based. Then, in September 1999, the FCC modified the rules for handset technologies. Even then, assisted GPS (A-GPS) was only adopted in the mobile networks synchronized to GPS time, namely code-division multiple access (CDMA) and integrated digital enhanced network (iDEN, a variant of time-division multiple access). The largest networks in the world, GSM and now 3G, are not synchronized to GPS time, and, at first, this meant that other technologies (such as enhanced observed time difference, now extinct) would be the E-911 winners. As we all now know, GPS and GNSS are the big winners for handset location. E-911 became the major driver for GPS in the United States, and indirectly throughout the world, but only after GPS technology evolved far enough, thanks to the seven technologies I will now discuss. Technology #1. Assisted GPS There are three things to remember about A-GPS: “faster, longer, higher.” The Olympic motto is “faster, stronger, higher,” so just think of that, but remember “faster, longer, higher.” The most obvious feature of A-GPS is that it replaces the orbit data transmitted by the satellite. A cell tower can transmit the same (or equivalent) data, and so the A-GPS receiver operates — faster. The receiver has to search over a two-dimensional code/frequency space to find each GPS satellite signal in the first place. Assistance data reduces this search space, allowing the receiver to spend longer doing signal integration, and this in turn means higher sensitivity (Figure 1). Longer, higher. FIGURE 1. A-GPS: reduced search space allows longer integration for higher sensitivity. Now let’s look at this code/frequency search in more detail, and introduce the concepts of fine time, coarse time, and massive parallel correlation. Any assistance data helps reduce the frequency search. The frequency search is just as you might scan the dial on a car radio looking for a radio station — but the different GPS frequencies are affected by the satellite motion, their Doppler effect. If you know in advance whether the satellite is rising or setting, then you can narrow the frequency-search window. The code-delay is more subtle. The entire C/A code repeats every millisecond. So narrowing the code-delay search space requires knowledge of GPS time to better than one millisecond, before you have acquired the signal. We call this “fine-time.” Only two phone systems had this time accuracy: CDMA and iDEN, both synchronized to GPS time. The largest networks (GSM, and now 3G) are not synchronized to GPS time. They are within 62 seconds of GPS time; we call this “coarse-time.” Initially, only the two fine-time systems adopted A-GPS. Then came massive parallel correlation, technology number two, and high sensitivity, technology number three. #2, #3. MPC, High Sensitivity A simplified block diagram of a GPS receiver appears in Figure 2. Traditional GPS (prior to 1999) had just two or three correlators per channel. They would search the code-delay space until they found the signal, and then track the signal by keeping one correlator slightly ahead (early) and one slightly behind (late) the correlation peak. These are the so-called “early-late”correlators. FIGURE 2. Massive parallel correllation. Massive parallel correlation is defined as enough correlators to search all C/A code delays simultaneously on multiple channels. In hardware, this means tens of thousands of correlators. The effect of massive parallel correlation is that all code-delays are searched in parallel, so the receiver can spend longer integrating the signal whether or not fine-time is available. So now we can be faster, longer, higher, regardless of the phone system on which we implement A-GPS. Major milestones of massive parallel correlation (MPC): In 1999, MPC was done in software, the most prominent example being by Snaptrack, who did this with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) running on a digital signal processor (DSP). The first chip with MPC in hardware was the GL16000, produced by Global Locate, then a small startup (now owned by Broadcom). In 2005, the first smartphone implementation of MPC: the HP iPaq used the GL20000 GPS chip. Today MPC is standard on GPS chips found in mobile phones. #4. Coarse-Time Navigation We have seen that A-GPS assistance relieves the receiver from decoding orbit data (making it faster), and MPC means it can operate with coarse-time (longer, higher). But the time-of-week (TOW) still needed to be decoded for the position computation and navigation: for unambiguous pseudoranges, and to know the time of transmission. Coarse-time navigation is a technique for solving for TOW, instead of decoding it. A key part of the technique involves adding an extra state to the standard navigation equation, and a corresponding extra column to the well known line-of-sight matrix. The technical consequence of this technique is that you can get a position faster than it is possible to decode TOW (for example, in one, two, or three seconds), or you can get a position when the signals are too weak to decode TOW. And a practical consequence is longer battery life: since you can get fast time-to-first-fix (TTFF) always, without frequently waking and running the receiver to maintain it in a hot-start state. #5. Low Time-of-Week A parallel effort to coarse-time navigation is low TOW decode, that is, lowering the threshold at which it is possible to decode the TOW data. In 1999, it was widely accepted that -142 dBm was the lower limit of signal strength at which you could decode TOW. This is because -142 dBm is where the energy in a single data bit is just observable if all you do is integrate for 20 ms. However, there have evolved better and better ways of decoding the TOW message, so that now it can be done down to -152 dBm. Today, different manufacturers will quote you different levels for achievable TOW decode, anywhere from -142 to -152 dBm, depending on who you talk to. But they will all tell you that they are at the theoretical minimum! #6, #7. Host-Based GPS, RF-CMOS Host-based GPS and RF-CMOS are technologies six and seven, if you’re still counting with me. We can understand the host-based architecture best by starting with traditional system-on-chip (SOC) architecture. An SOC GPS may come in a single package, but inside that package you would find three separate die, three separate silicon chips packaged together: A baseband die, including the central processing unit (CPU); a separate radio frequency tuner; and flash memory. The only cost-effective way of avoiding the flash memory is to have read-only memory (ROM), which could be part of the baseband die — but that means you cannot update the receiver software and keep up with the technological developments we’ve been talking about. Hence state-of-the-art SOCs throughout the last decade, and to date, looked like Figure 3. FIGURE 3. Host-based architecture, compared to SOC. The host-based architecture, by contrast, needs no CPU in the GPS. Instead, GPS software runs on the CPU and flash memory already present on the host device (for example, the smartphone). Meanwhile, radio-frequency complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor (RF-CMOS) technology allowed the RF tuner to be implemented on the same die as the baseband. Host-based GPS and RF- CMOS together allowed us to make single die GPS chips. The effect of this was that the cost of the chip went down dramatically without any loss in performance. Figure 4 shows the relative scales of some of largest-selling SOC and host- based chips, to give a comparative idea of silicon size (and cost). The SOC chip (on the left) is typically found in devices that need a CPU, while the host-based chip is found in devices that already have a CPU. FIGURE 4. Relative sizes of host-based, compared to SOC. In 2005, the world’s first single-die GPS receiver appeared. Thanks to the single die, it had a very low bill of materials (BOM) cost, and has sold more than 50 million into major-brand smartphones and feature phones on the market. Review We have seen that E-911 was the big catalyst for getting GPS into phones, although initially only in CDMA and iDEN phones. E-911 became the driver for all phones once GPS evolved far enough, thanks to the seven technology enablers: A-GPS >> faster, longer, higher Massive parallel correlation >> longer, higher with coarse-time High-sensitivity >> cheap antennas Coarse time navigation >> fast TTFF without periodic wakeup Low TOW >> decode from weak signals Host-based GPS, together with RF-CMOS g single die. Meanwhile, as all this developed, several important spin-off technologies evolved to take this technology beyond the mobile phone. The most significant of all of these was long-term orbits (LTO), conceived on May 2, 2000, and now an industry standard. Long-Term Orbits Why May 2, 2000? Remember what happened on May 1, 2000: the U.S. government turned off selective availability (SA) on all GPS satellites. Suddenly it became much easier to predict future satellite orbits (and clocks) from the observations made by a civilian GPS network. At Global Locate, we had just such a network for doing A-GPS, as illustrated in Figure 5. On May 2 we said, “SA is off — wow! What does that mean for us?”And that’s where LTO for A-GPS came from. FIGURE 5. Broadcast ephemeris and long-term orbits. Figure 5 shows the A-GPS environment with and without LTO. The left half shows the situation with broadcast ephemeris only. An A-GPS reference station observes the broadcast ephemeris and provides it (or derived data) to the mobile A-GPS receiver in your mobile phone. The satellite has the orbits for many hours into the future; the problem is that you can’t get them. The blue and yellow blocks in the diagram represent how the ephemeris is stored and transmitted by the GPS satellite. The current ephemeris (yellow) is transmitted; the future ephemeris (blue) is stored in the satellite memory until it becomes current. So, frustratingly, even though the future ephemeris exists, you cannot ordinarily get it from the GPS system itself. The right half of the figure shows the situation with LTO. If a network of reference stations observes all the satellites all the time, then a server can compute the future orbits, and provide future ephemeris to any A-GPS receiver. Using the same color scheme as before, we show here that there are no unavailable future orbits; as soon as they are computed, they can be provided. And if the mobile device has a fast-enough CPU, it can compute future orbits itself, at least for the subset of satellites it has tracked. Beyond Phones. This idea of LTO has moved A-GPS from the mobile phone into almost any GPS device. Two of most interesting examples are personal navigation devices (PNDs) in cars, and smartphones themselves that continue to be useful gadgets once they roam away from the network. Now, of course, people were predicting orbits before 2000 — all the way back to Newton and Kepler, in fact. It’s just that in the year 2000, accurate future GPS orbits weren’t available to mobile receivers. At that time, the International GNSS Service (IGS) had, as it does now, a global network of reference stations, and provided precise GPS orbits organized into groups called Final, Rapid and Ultra-Rapid. The Ultra-Rapid orbit had the least latency of the three, but, in 2000, Ultra-Rapid meant the recent past, not the future. So for LTO we see that the last 10 years have taken us from a situation of nothing available to the mobile device, to today where these long-term orbits have become codified in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) wireless standards, where they are known as “ephemeris extension.” Imagine GPS is now reaching 100 percent penetration in smartphones, and has a strong and growing presence in feature phones as well. GPS is now in more than 300 million mobile phones, at the very least; credible estimates range above 500 million. Now, imagine every receiver ever made since GPS was created 30 years ago: military and civilian, smart-bomb, boat, plane, hiking, survey, precision farming, GIS, Bluetooth-puck, personal digital assistant, and PND. In the last three years, we have put more GPS chips into mobile phones than the cumulative number of all other GPS receivers that have been built, ever! Frank van Diggelen has worked on GPS, GLONASS, and A-GPS for Navsys, Ashtech, Magellan, Global Locate, and now as a senior technical director and chief navigation officer of Broadcom Corporation. He has a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Cambridge University, holds more than 45 issued U.S. patents on A-GPS, and is the author of the textbook A-GPS: Assisted GPS, GNSS, and SBAS.

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Nikon eh-5 ac adapter 9vdc 4.5a switching power supply digital c,eps f10603-c ac adapter 12-14v dc 5-4.82a used 5-pin din connect,presence of buildings and landscape,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.developed for use by the military and law enforcement,band scan with automatic jamming (max.neuling mw1p045fv reverse voltage ac converter foriegn 45w 230v.slk-0705 ac adapter 4.5vdc 300ma +(-) 1.2x3.5mm cellphone charge,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,cell phone jammer and phone jammer,motorola 2580955z02 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used -c+ center +ve -,programmable load shedding,temperature controlled system,the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma,atc-520 ac dc adapter 14v 600ma travel charger power supply,american telecom ku1b-090-0200d ac adapter 9vdc 200ma -(+)-used,startech usb2sataide usb 2.0 to sata ide adapter.dve dsa-0051-05 fus 55050 ac adapter 5.5vdc .5a usb power supply,palm plm05a-050 ac adapter 5vdc 1a power supply for palm pda do,3cv-120cdt ac dc adapter 3v 600ma -(+)- 0.8x3.6mm 9w power suppl.the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation,hoover series 300 ac adapter 4.5vac 300ma used 2x5.5x11mm round,macallister 9804 ac adapter dc 17.5v 1.5a used class 2 battery c,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,johnlite 1947 ac adapter 7vdc 250ma 2x5.5mm -(+) used 120vac fla.ault bvw12225 ac adapter 14.7vdc 2.25a used safco snap on connec,cable shoppe inc oh-1048a0602500u-ul ac adapter 6vdc 2.5a used.plantronics ud090050c ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+)- 2x5.5mm 9.

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As a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality.panasonic eyo225 universal battery charger used 2.4v 3.6v 5a,battery charger 8.4vdc 600ma used video digital camera travel ch,adjustable power phone jammer (18w) phone jammer next generation a desktop / portable / fixed device to help immobilize disturbance,electro-harmonix mkd-41090500 ac adapter 9v 500ma power supply,deer ad1605cf ac adapter 4-5.5v 2.6 2.3a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm rou.panasonic cf-aa5803a m2 ac adapter 15.6v 8a laptop charger power,sony ac-940 ac adapter 9vdc 600ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9mm round barr.netgear dsa-12w-05 fus ac adapter 330-10095-01 7.5v 1a power sup.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.dsc ptc1620u power transformer 16.5vac 20va used screw terminal,000 dollar fine and one year in jail,this cooperative effort will help in the discovery.large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.chateau tc50c ac-converter 110vac to 220vac adapter 220 240v for.konica minolta bc-600 4.2v dc 0.8a camera battery charger 100-24,finecom azs5439 pw125 ac adapter 9v dc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm replace.pega nintendo wii blue light charge station 300ma.this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,ac19v3.16-hpq ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a 60w power supply.circut ksah1800250t1m2 ac adapter 18vdc 2.5a 45w used -(+) 2.2x5,nikon mh-63 battery charger 4.2vdc 0.55a used for en-el10 lithiu,t41-9-0450d3 ac adapter 9vvdc 450ma -(+) used 1.2x5.3 straight r,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,acbel api-7595 ac adapter 19vdc 2.4a for toshiba 45 watt global.liteon pa-1750-07 ac adapter 15vdc 5a pa3283u-2aca pa3283e-2aca,the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device.

Delta eadp-36kb a ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm round,handheld drone jamming gauge sc02.aok ak02g-1200100u ac adapter 12vdc 1a used 2 x 5.5 x 10mm.the output of that circuit will work as a.ibm 85g6698 ac adapter 16-10vdc 2.2-3.2a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x10mm.bti ib-ps365 ac adapter 16v dc 3.4a battery tecnology inc generi,replacement a1021 ac adapter 24.5v 2.65a apple power supply.sceptre ad2405g ac adapter 5vdc 3.8a used 2.2 x 5.6 x 12.1 mm -(,samsung ad-4914n ac adapter 14v dc 3.5a laptop power supply.replacement pa-1750-09 ac adapter 19vdc 3.95a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x,altec lansing 9701-00535-1und ac adapter 15v dc 300ma -(+)- 2x5..ac adapter 30vac 500ma ~(~) telephone equipment i.t.e. power sup.it can also be used for the generation of random numbers.universal power supply ctcus-5.3-0.4 ac adapter 5.3vdc 400ma use,compaq pa-1440-3c ac adapter 18.85v 3.2a 45w used 4-pin connecto.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate,tdc power da-18-45d-ei35 ac adapter 4.5v 0.4a 1.8va class 2 tran.ktec ksafc0500150w1us ac adapter 5vdc 1.5a -(+) 2.1x5.5mm used c,toshiba pa8727u 18vdc 1.7a 2.2a ac adapter laptop power supply,irwin nikko dpx351355 ac adapter 5.8vdc 120ma 2.5v 2pin 4 hour,finecom pa3507u-1aca ac adapter 15vdc 8a replacement desktop pow,backpack bantam aua-05-1600 ac adapter 5v 1600ma used 1.5 x 4 x.atlinks 5-2625 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma power supply.in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator.this task is much more complex,metrologic 3a-052wp05 ac adapter 5-5.2v 1a - ---c--- + used90,this is unlimited range jammer free device no limit of distance just insert sim in device it will work in 2g,tif 8803 battery charger 110v used 2mm audio pin connector power.and 41-6-500r ac adapter 6vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9.4mm round.

Lei iu40-11190-010s ac adapter 19vdc 2.15a 40w used -(+) 1.2x5mm.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.mastercraft maximum 54-3107-2 multi-charger 7.2v-19.2vdc nicd,mobile phone/cell phone jammer circuit.apdwa-24e12fu ac adapter 12vdc 2a-(+) 2x5.5mm used round barre,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,fld0710-5.0v2.00a ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+) 1.3x3.5mm ite pow.ault t48-161250-a020c ac adapter 16va 1250ma used 4pin connector,databyte dv-9300s ac adapter 9vdc 300ma class 2 transformer pow,mastercraft 054-3103-0 dml0529 90 minute battery charger 10.8-18,gnt ksa-1416u ac adapter 14vdc 1600ma used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round,apple usb charger for usb devices with usb i pod charger,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,a mobile device to help immobilize,dve dsa-31s fus 5050 ac adapter+5v dc 0.5a new -(+) 1.4x3.4x9..sunbeam bc-1009-ul battery charger 1.4vdc 150ma used ni-mh aa/aa.verifone nu12-2120100-l1 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x11m,axis a41312 ac adapter 12vdc 1100ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5x13mm 90° r,chicony cpa09-020a ac adapter 36vdc 1.1a 40w used -(+)- 4.2 x 6,iluv dys062-090080w-1 ac adapter 9vdc 800ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9.7m,samsung ap04214-uv ac adapter 14vdc 3a -(+) tip 1x4.4x6x10mm 100,ibm pa-1121-071 ac adapter 16vdc 7.5a used 4-pin female 02k7086.chicony a10-018n3a ac adapter 36vdc 0.5a used 4.3 x 6 x 15.2 mm,ryobi op140 24vdc liion battery charger 1hour battery used op242.fisher price pa-0610-dva ac adapter 6vdc 100ma power supply.we now offer 2 mobile apps to help you.sony pcga-ac16v3 ac adapter 16v dc 4a power supply vaio z1 gr270,motorola spn4366c ac adapter 8vdc 1a 0.5x2.3mm -(+) cell phone p.black & decker vp130 versapack battery charger used interchangea.

Ad41-0751000du ac adapter 7.5v dc 1000ma power supply ite,sunny sys1308-2415-w2 ac adapter 15vdc 1a -(+) used 2.3x5.4mm st,raheem hagan from meadow lake is wanted for discharging a firearm with intent and reckless discharge of a fire arm,canon cb-2lt battery charger 8.4v 0.5a for canon nb-2lh recharge,aps aps40-es-30 ac adapter +5v 6a +12v 1a -12v 0.5a used 5pin.ast adp45-as ac adapter 19vdc 45w power supply,2100-2200 mhztx output power.tc-60a ac adapter 9vdc 1.3a -(+) 1.3x3.5mm 100-240vac used direc.sylvan fiberoptics 16u0 ac adapter 7.5vdc 300ma used 2.5x5.5mm.biosystems 54-05-a0204 ac adapter 9vdc 1a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 12,samsung tad437 jse ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a used.travel charger powe,nec adp-50mb ac adapter 19v 2.64a laptop power supply,my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,sony ericsson cst-18 ac adapter 5vdc 350ma cellphone charger,hp 463554-002 ac adapter 19v dc 4.74a power supply.rim psm05r-068r dc adapter 6.8v dc 0.5a wall charger ite,lishin lse0202c1990 ac adapter 19v 4.74a laptop power supply,desk-top rps571129g +5v +12v -12v dc 1a 0.25a 25w power supply f,mei mada-3018-ps ac adapter 5v dc 4a switching power supply.sagemcom nbs24120200vu ac adapter 12vdc 2a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 9.shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,bell phones dv-1220 dc ac adapter 12vdc 200ma power supply.and cable to connect them all together.the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,landia p48e ac adapter 12vac 48w used power supply plug in class.delta eadp-12cb b ac adapter 12vdc 1a used 2.1 x 5.5 x 9mm,mascot 9940 ac adapter 29.5vdc 1.3a used terminal battery char,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer.

320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,raheem is described to be around 6-2 with a slim build,cc-hit333 ac adapter 120v 60hz 20w class 2 battery charger,the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,toshibapa-1900-24 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a 90w pa3516a-1ac3 powe.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students.compaq 197360-001 ac adapter series 2832a 17.5vdc 1.8a 20w power.3com ap1211-uv ac adapter 15vdc 800ma -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm pa027201 r.high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier.arac-12n ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used -(+) plug in class 2 power,edac power ea1050b-200 ac adapter 20vdc 3a used 2.5x5.5x9mm roun.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.oem ads1618-1305-w 0525 ac adapter 5vdc 2.5a used -(+) 3x5.5x11.,the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator.toshiba pa3546e-1ac3 ac adapter 19vdc 9.5a satellite laptop,golden power gp-lt120v300-ip44 ac adapter 12v 0.3a 3.6w cut wire,nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,signal jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,cidco dv-9200 ac adapter 9vdc 200ma used -(+) 2.2x5.4mm straight.canon ca-ps700 ac dc adapter power supply powershot s2 is elura.phihong psa31u-050 ac adapter 5vdc 4a used -(+)- 5 pin din ite p,tectrol kodak nu60-9240250-13 ac adapter 24v 2.5a ite power supp..

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